{"id":24374,"date":"2026-09-24T13:36:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T10:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajakirimaja.ee\/arhitektitoo-aeg-ja-hind\/"},"modified":"2026-09-24T13:53:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T10:53:22","slug":"hours-and-cost-of-architects-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vana.ajakirimaja.ee\/en\/hours-and-cost-of-architects-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Hours and Cost of Architects’ Work"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Madli Kaljuste invited Mari Rass, \u00dclo-Tarmo St\u00f6\u00f6r and Mihkel T\u00fc\u00fcr to discuss architects\u2019 labour.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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In 2025, two calculators for design work were created: one that helps to calculate the time required for design tasks, and another that helps determine their price. The design time calculator was developed by the Estonian Association of Architects and the Estonian Association of Architectural and Consulting Engineering Companies in collaboration with the Ministry of Climate.1<\/strong><\/sup> It is a tool for both private and public-sector clients, helping them better understand the time required for carrying out design work. In addition, the Estonian Association of Architects, the Estonian Association of Landscape Architects, and the Estonian Association of Interior Architects developed an hourly rate calculator, which helps companies providing design services to determine an appropriate hourly rate for their services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We met with architects Mari Rass, \u00dclo-Tarmo St\u00f6\u00f6r and Mihkel T\u00fc\u00fcr to discuss the facts and mysteries surrounding architects\u2019 work time and remuneration. The conversation swiftly moved beyond the calculators and touched on unpaid competition work as well as education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mari Rass (MR)<\/strong>: Truth be told, the Association of Architects has been tackling the issue of pricing for almost 30 years now, and attempts to create this kind of frameworks go way back. The creation of both calculators was prompted by the recognition that current design fees often do not correspond to the ever-increasing workload. Furthermore, architects compete with each other for work, and often the lowest price wins. This sort of undercutting has led to a situation where people outside the field haven\u2019t the faintest idea what a proper, high-quality design should cost or how much time it takes to produce it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclo-Tarmo St\u00f6\u00f6r (\u00dcTS)<\/strong>: The basic unit in the field today is price per square metre, which in reality shows absolutely nothing. It is a wholly abstract figure. Two buildings may be of the same size\u2014say, 1,000 square metres\u2014but their design workloads can be entirely different. For this reason, it is important to talk about the hours that go into design work and to value them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR<\/strong>: In the case of the first calculator, we are not even talking about the cost per se, but about the time required to produce high-quality work. The design time calculator is based on statistical information architects have provided about how much time they actually spend on projects. It is a tool that will make future planning easier and ultimately also help in setting the price. However, since it is based on statistics, using this information requires some interpretation rather than taking it at face value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The creation of both calculators was prompted by the recognition that current design fees often do not correspond to the ever-increasing workload.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcTS<\/strong>: These statistics provide a good argument for justifying the design price to a client. It is understandable to everyone\u2014months can be divided into hours and the total cost into monthly wages, after which it is possible to decide whether the resulting salary is high or low. But the design time calculator is also a good tool for getting a more adequate estimation of the workload for designing a type of a building that an architect has little previous experience with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second calculator, developed by the creative associations in the field, is for calculating the hourly rate of an architecture office.2<\/strong><\/sup> The idea for it was largely inspired by the question that loomed in the background while developing the design time calculator: what is a fair hourly rate? Although calculating it is not overly complicated, it turned out that many had not yet done so. Or never wanted to. If quotes with a higher price will not be accepted anyway, why bother with the calculation? You only end up depressing yourself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was a need for a simple, intuitive tool that would be easy to use without having to rummage through the bookkeeping. The hourly rate calculator helps to understand what is behind the figure. For example, if you calculate a reasonable salary for a lead specialist who designs for 70% of their time and spends the rest on communication, putting together fee proposals, and attending training, and also factor in that the company should make a profit, then the hourly rate comes to 50 euros. But that price does not include office rent, equipment, software, a desk or a chair. It accounts for just one specialist and their salary. However, the hourly rate of an office involves more than just the salary. The goal was to highlight and pre-define the main cost items of an architecture office\u2014after all, software costs and such are known facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another interesting realisation was that in a typical architectural office, architects are like jacks-of-all-trades, doing the work of executive directors and financial managers, transport workers and project leads\u2014in a word, doing everything. Why not involve an actual financial manager? In this case, a leading architect would not have to deal with fee proposals and contracts, and could focus on architectural work. Well, if we take an average Estonian office, where there are four and a half architects, and add a financial manager who does no design work, this brings the hourly rate up by a lot\u2014about 20\u201325%. This would make designing overly expensive. Thus, the only ones who can afford a professional executive director or financial manager are larger offices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR<\/strong>: Well, smaller offices could afford them if the hourly rate were higher. This is the crux of the problem: we have to do everything slapdash, and in the end, our \u2018real work\u2019 also suffers, since much of the workday is spent on PR, bureaucracy, organising events, graphic design, and getting clear on legal nuances. You cannot hire separate specialists for all these tasks. If architects themselves valued their working hours more, they could produce higher-quality work. But if the architect is unable to focus on the actual job, the entire environment ultimately suffers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mihkel T\u00fc\u00fcr (MT)<\/strong>: I must add that the Estonian Association of Architectural and Consulting Engineering Companies (EKEL) has been keeping track of pricing for about 20 years and publishing it annually in its yearbook. Our office has been a member of this association for about ten years precisely to get these everyday matters sorted out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Architects do not like to compare themselves to technical staff. They think of themselves more as artists, saying that their work is more multifaceted and that they would rather not go into financial matters at all. Even bicycle repair shops or car repair shops have higher hourly rates\u2014certainly not below \u20ac75 per hour if you need to change the motor oil or replace a pump or whatever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR<\/strong>: Well yes, no one would argue with these sorts of things. Everyone understands that you need to change oil and that the price is what it is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: Actually, architecture involves the same kind of consultancy work as designing pipes or electrical systems. The hourly rate could be just the same and everything would be fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcTS<\/strong>: The comparison with technical staff does not really make sense, though. Beyond technical drafting, architects\u2019 work also has a creative element, which is not comparable to piecework. I really am willing to do more for the sake of the result. But I think many simply do not know the proper price of designing. This is where these calculators could help raise awareness and make the figures better understood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: Prices are of course also influenced by internal competition in the field. It used to be that twelve architects graduated at the Estonian Academy of Arts in a year; it was only those twelve that entered the market. Now there are 20 from the Academy and another 20 from TalTech, adding up to 40. The TTK University of Applied Sciences has doubled the number of students, adding another 25 technical workers and increasing the total to 65 people. The Association of Architects once had 600 members, about 400 of whom were active. The current education system could double this number in about eight years. Of course, these people are also needed in the public sector and elsewhere, some of them become politicians and so forth\u2014but it is clear that intense competition in the field affects the prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR<\/strong>: If we compare the cost of construction with the cost of design, then although construction prices are debated and haggled down, they will ultimately always be paid\u2014if you need the building, you cannot argue too much. And yet, everything that is built must first be thoroughly considered and all subcontracted parts must be integrated. After all, no one wants to have wires running along their walls or toilet pipe coming down in the bedroom corner. In my view, building based on a poor, hastily prepared design is a terrible waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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These statistics provide a good argument for justifying the design price to a client. It is understandable to everyone\u2014months can be divided into hours and the total cost into monthly wages<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: If an architect underbids and produces poor drawings, after which the responsibility passes on to the builder, then the builder\u2019s gain is not even 1% of the construction cost. Half-finished solutions, wasted time during construction, and so forth\u2014all of this hits the construction site so hard that it is incomprehensible why anyone would squeeze the design fees. Our experience is that if the project has advanced beyond the developed design stage and the builder is already on board, the builder understands this perfectly. The cut-throat rivalry mainly takes place at competitions, with concept designs and preliminary designs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Madli Kaljuste (MK)<\/strong>: What sorts of experiences do you have from smaller and larger offices, in the role of director, worker or even freelancer? Should salaries perhaps be public, or should there be a general rule for how much an intern, a junior architect, and a more experienced architect ought to earn? The Estonian Association of Actors, for example, has defined certain base rates, which are publicly available. Such a benchmark would be helpful and useful, especially when entering the labour market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR<\/strong>: I have worked in a medium-sized office in Denmark. Working there as a student, I felt that I did not really earn what I was paid. I had a slightly unpleasant feeling that perhaps they are paying me too much for what I do. In Estonia, I worked in a small office for a while\u2014that was long ago and times were different, but what really mattered back then were the team and its shared activities, which compensated for everything else. For the rest of my career, I have been running my own office. I guess the salaries are more or less known among office directors. After all, people do move between offices and want the same or slightly better pay than in the previous one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: I do not think the perspectives of entrepreneur and worker are that different, because in the end, a certain amount of work gets done, and the question is whether it is paid for at a decent level, as it is for, say, engineers. Considering the responsibility that architects bear for a huge economic sector\u2014i.e., construction\u2014where they contribute the quality of the end product, a salary below the national average does not really cut it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcTS<\/strong>: Right now, it seems to\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: Well, exactly! It is absurd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcTS<\/strong>: A year ago I compiled statistics on architecture offices. At the sharp end of the large offices, things look better\u2014salaries are above the Estonian average. But if you take the top 100 offices, the average salary unfortunately falls below the national average.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: I think it is elementary that salaries should be known, at least approximately. Like, what is the entry-level salary for someone straight out of university? In Austria, for example, it is perfectly normal for everyone to have a rough idea of what an architect earns after working for 5 years, 10 years. We in Estonia should also stop this charade as if no one knew. Prices should not be fixed, but statistics can still be collected and this is what EKEL has been doing. Architecture involves design work, just like those other fields that were mentioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR<\/strong>: Our reality is that from time to time, when no competitions have been won and the client puts old projects on hold, we are not even talking about minimum wage\u2014all of a sudden there is no money whatsoever, not even for ourselves. In our field, work comes in waves, and this needs to be taken into account. But perhaps the calculators will also help to foresee these ebbs and plan our lives better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MT<\/strong>: The University of Applied Sciences collected statistics on the social tax payments of graduates from all the fields\u2014road construction specialists and so forth. In construction-related fields, social tax contributions have doubled in the last ten years, whereas for architects, they have remained the same, meaning that architects have effectively become poorer over the last decade. And this is because architects want to save the world and do competitions and are very emotional. But water, sewage, heating, and ventilation designers design pipes. Architects should approach their design work more like the designers of pipes do\u2014including in competitions. Competitions are massively underfunded. And that is where the whole problem begins. In fact, acquisition of the building design should already be a serious budget line item of its own. But right now, this is absolutely not the case. I suspect that with some competitions today, the budget for the marketing event equals the budget for the competition prize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK<\/strong>: Thank you! But now we must hurry\u2014let us go and listen to Eik.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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*The conversation took place an hour before the defence of Eik Hermann\u2019s PhD thesis \u2018Toward Matter-Environmental Pragmapoetics: Studies of Theory-Practice Separation\u2019 at the Estonian Academy of Arts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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MARI RASS<\/strong> is an architect at Arhitekt Must, a board member of the Estonian Association of Architects, and the head of its working group for health issues.
MIHKEL T\u00dc\u00dcR<\/strong> is an architect at Kadarik T\u00fc\u00fcr Architects and a
visiting professor of architecture at the Tallinn University of Applied Sciences.
\u00dcLO-TARMO ST\u00d6\u00d6R<\/strong> is an architect at \u00d6\u00d6-\u00d6\u00d6 Architects, a board member of the Estonian Association of Architects, and the head of the Arhilus Foundation.
MADLI KALJUSTE<\/strong> is an editor of Maja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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HEADER: excerpt from a article in magazine, design by Unt\/Tammik.
PUBLISHED: MAJA 3\/4-2025 (121-122) with main topic WORK AND FOOD<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1 In addition, the following associations and their members have contributed to the collection and analysis of the statistics: the Estonian Association of Construction Entrepreneurs, the Estonian Association of Civil Engineers, the Estonian Society of Heating and Ventilation Engineers, the Estonian Association of Landscape Architects, the Estonian Association of Interior Architects, the Estonian Association of Electrical Enterprises, and Riigi Kinnisvara AS.<\/em>
2 The tool created by the three associations was funded through the e-Leap measure for the digitalisation of the construction sector. The work was supported by 3+1 Architects, Arhitekt Must, JVR Architects, DAGOpen, Kadarik T\u00fc\u00fcr Architects, Kauss Architecture, KOKO Architects, QP Architects, Raivo Tabri Architecture Office, \u00d6\u00d6-\u00d6\u00d6 Architects. The calculator was developed by Platvorm.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Madli Kaljuste invited Mari Rass, \u00dclo-Tarmo St\u00f6\u00f6r and Mihkel T\u00fc\u00fcr to discuss architects\u2019 labour.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[325],"class_list":["post-24374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spatial-design","tag-3-4-2025-work-and-food","infinite-scroll-item"],"yoast_head":"\nHours and Cost of Architects' Work - MAJA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vana.ajakirimaja.ee\/en\/hours-and-cost-of-architects-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hours and Cost of Architects' Work - 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